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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a soil treatment system comprising, on the one hand, at least one electric generator (10) and at least two electrodes (11, 12) and, on the other hand, at least one pumping device (20). ), characterized in that, on the one hand, the system comprises at least one geocomposite (2) which integrates at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) and which comprises at least one filtering layer (21 ) and / or at least one draining ply (22) and, on the other hand, at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) comprises carbon.
    公开号:FR3014337A1
    申请号:FR1362297
    申请日:2013-12-09
    公开日:2015-06-12
    发明作者:Yves Durkheim；Sebastien Robert Rene Bourges-Gastaud
    申请人:Afitex International SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of soil treatment, in particular for the depollution of soils or the dewatering of sludge or tailings. by electrokinetic phenomena. The present invention relates more particularly to a soil treatment system, allowing the drying of soil, including sludge or residues (eg mining), whatever the nature of the soil (sludge or residues). This invention also relates to a geocomposite for such a system and relates to a method of consolidating soils. In the present application, the terms soil, mud or residue are used interchangeably to designate the same entity although they are generally distinguished, in particular because of their organic, mineral or complex nature. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A problem in the field of soil treatment, especially sludge with a high water content, lies in their drying, which is generally difficult because of the low granularity, colloidal behavior and low hydraulic conductivity. These soils or materials can come from, for example and without limitation, the purification of wastewater, mining (extractive) or dredging of river-port sediments. Indeed, in all these various fields, it is necessary to dry the materials especially to allow consolidation, necessary for the rehabilitation of dedicated storage areas. For example, the mining industries generally lead to a huge production of mineral waste, often diluted in large quantities with water. When water is used to concentrate the useful ore, waste generally appears as sludge, pulp or residue, which is essentially dispersions of solid waste particles in the water. In particular, but in a nonlimiting manner, the exploitation of oil sands, phosphate or alumina refining have in common to generate sludge with very fine grain (D80 <20 [lm) and high clay content. This type of sludge or residue has low shear strength, liquid behavior and can not be stored easily. The residues are often diluted in large quantities of water and usually deposited on the ground, in a dedicated basin, for example surrounded by dikes, for example constructed from the coarsest fraction of the residues. These tailings ponds are often very large facilities that are known to be unstable, which can generate destructive sludge flows, usually due to poor water management (insufficient drainage, internal erosion, overflow). To allow the rehabilitation of tailings ponds (e.g., increase the bearing capacity) and to minimize water consumption (avoid storage in ponds), sludge must be consolidated / dried. Dehydration (or dewatering) of high water content materials is therefore essential to reduce the environmental impact of certain industries and, in general, to provide practical and economical solutions to these problems. It is known from the prior art mechanical dewatering solutions such as filtration / compression, such as band filters or filter presses, often advantageous for their low cost and energy consumption. However, this type of solution does not allow, for many applications, to reach a percentage of solid content quite high, especially because the sludge is a colloidal system with strong surface effects. Due to the importance of water binding forces to solid matter and strong electrostatic forces between small particles, the mechanical forces at AFITEX / 11 / FR apply are often too great for these solutions to achieve effectively high enough solid content. In addition, water in sludge or residues is generally found in four main forms: free water, pore water, pellicle water and water of constitution. Open water, also called gravity water, is not affected by capillary forces and can be removed by mechanical drying. The interstitial water, maintained in the pores by capillary forces, does not respond to gravity and only a part can be removed by mechanical dehydration. Vicinal water, strongly bound to solid particles by adsorption in the electric double layer, consists of stratified water molecules on the surface of solids. The water of hydration, closely related chemically to the solid molecules, can only be removed from the sludge by heating. Due to the large proportion of fine particles with a high specific surface area (such as clay) in sludge or residues, the capillary forces exerted are very important and it is likely that a large part of the water is film water and interstitial water, requiring adapted solutions. It is also known in the prior art, in the field of soil treatment solutions for draining liquids, such as for example geotextiles or, more advantageously, geocomposites, for example such as those described in the applications for WO 2006/030076, WO2011015736 or WO2012 / 080659 comprising at least 2 geotextile webs and perforated mini-drains improving the evacuation of fluids. This type of solution has the advantage of accelerating and improving dewatering, in particular by the possibility of providing large dimensions to offer what are generally called drainage horizons. Indeed, drainage geocomposites can be inserted into tailings ponds to create a drainage layer (horizon) providing favorable conditions for the tailings by involving several mechanical phenomena that can lead to consolidation. The drainage horizon in the saturated residues interrupts the hydrostatic pressure profile AFITEX / 11 / FR of the water. Thus, the water above the draining horizon is no longer carried by the water beneath the draining horizon, and so the weight of the water contained above the horizon acts as a real load on the horizon. the material below the horizon. Thus, the effective stress applied to the lower layers is increased which leads to the consolidation of the lower layers. On the other hand, with a drainage horizon, the fluid of the upper layer tends to flow downwards and this movement induces an infiltration force which also induces an increase in the effective stress and promotes consolidation.
    [0002] It is also known in the prior art soil drying solutions using electrokinetic phenomena. These phenomena can take several aspects, such as electrophoresis (displacement of ions in a solution under the effect of an electric field), electro-osmosis (displacement of a liquid in a porous medium under the effect of an electric field), electrodialysis (displacement of ions through a membrane under the effect of an electric field) or electro-migration (displacement of atoms under the effect of an electric field ). Electro-osmosis can be used in clay soils for example; the water moves from the anode to the cathode under the effect of a continuous electric field. The double electric layer is responsible for this phenomenon: the clay has a negatively charged surface and the cations are adsorbed in the electric double layer on the surface of the clay. Under the effect of an electric field, the cations of the diffuse layer are attracted to the cathode and carry with them the surrounding water by visco-motor coupling, creating a net flow of water to the cathode. Therefore, these phenomena can be used in civil engineering to consolidate clay materials, which are particularly difficult to consolidate because of their very low hydraulic conductivity. It is also known to take advantage of these phenomena to dry the floors, as for example in the patent applications WO200158610 and WO0200046450 where various systems and in particular geosynthetics incorporating electrodes are used to apply AFITEX / 11 / FR electrokinetic phenomena in soils to improve dehydration. However, these solutions, which have often been validated only on a small scale (in particular at the laboratory scale or, at best, on surfaces of the order of a few meters or tens of meters, or square meters) generally the disadvantage of not being suitable for implementation on large sites, such as mining basins. Problems related to large scales include water volumes, size of sites to be treated and evacuation. There are known solutions, such as for example the application W0200039405, where it is taken advantage of the possibility of providing large dimensions of geosynthetics in which electrodes often arranged. However, this type of solution still faces problems related to the nature of soils, sludge or residues that can saturate the geosynthetic layers and significantly corrode the various materials used, making this type of solution quickly unusable. A recurring problem in the application of electro-osmosis in the field concerns the rapid corrosion of the anode. During the treatment, the electrolysis of the water causes a drop of the pH close to the anode (which can go down to 1 or 2), moreover the electronic flow with the anode causes the lysis of the metal which leads at its dissolution. This electrochemical corrosion is problematic regardless of the metal used. Thus, despite the valuable contribution of electro-osmosis to dehydrate a low permeability material, it is not widely used in geotechnical applications, particularly because of the short life of the anode. Indeed, the corrosion induces a rapid decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment, until the total disappearance of the anode in a relatively short time (for example a single day). In this context, it is interesting to propose a reliable and viable solution which offers the advantages of the prior art without suffering from their disadvantages and meeting the known needs. The present invention aims to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a soil treatment system, in particular for soil remediation or sludge dewatering or of tailings by electrokinetic phenomena, which is reliable and viable, especially on a large scale. This object is achieved by a soil treatment system, in particular for the depollution of soils or the drying of sludge or tailings by electrokinetic phenomena, comprising, on the one hand, at least one electric generator and at least two electrodes and, on the other hand, at least one evacuation device, characterized in that: the system comprises at least one geocomposite which integrates at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes and which comprises at least one filtering layer and / or at least one draining sheet, - at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes comprises carbon. According to another feature, at least a portion of the two electrodes comprises carbon.
    [0003] According to an alternative, only one of the two electrodes has at least one part comprising carbon while the other electrode is metallic. In another feature, perforated mini-drains are integrated into said geocomposite.
    [0004] According to another feature, the electrodes disposed substantially parallel to the mini-drains. According to another particularity, the electrodes wound around the mini-drains of the geocomposite. In another feature, said carbon of said electrodes is in the form of carbon fibers. According to another feature, the carbon fibers are sewn on at least one layer of the geocomposite.
    [0005] According to another feature, the two electrodes have at least one part integrated in or on separate geocomposite strips spaced apart from one another within the soil to be treated. According to another feature, the system comprises switching means for reversing the polarity of the electrodes.
    [0006] According to another feature, said electrodes, at least part of which comprise carbon, comprise at least one other metal part to improve the distribution of the generator current over long distances. In another feature, said metal parts and their connections to the carbon parts are provided with corrosion protection means. According to another particularity, the means of protection against corrosion comprise means of insulation waterproof to water. Another object of the present invention is to overcome at least some disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a geocomposite for the treatment of soils, in particular for the depollution of soils or the drying of sludge or tailings by electrokinetic phenomena. which is reliable and viable, especially on a large scale. This object is achieved by a soil treatment geocomposite, characterized in that it is arranged for use in a system according to the invention, at least in that it incorporates at least a part of at least one electrodes of the system and that it comprises at least one filtering web and / or at least one draining web, at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes comprising carbon. Another object of the present invention is to overcome at least some disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a soil treatment process, in particular for soil remediation or the drying of sludge or tailings by electrokinetic phenomena, which is reliable and viable, especially on a large scale. This object is achieved by a process for consolidating soils, in particular sludge or residues, by the use of a system according to the invention, in a consolidation basin, the process being characterized in that it comprises: at least one geocomposite according to the invention in said basin; - connection of the geocomposite with the evacuation device; connecting said at least one electrode of the geocomposite with said electric generator; - dumping of sludge or residues on the geocomposite; - Connection of the other electrode with said electric generator. According to another particularity, the method comprises a laying of a second geocomposite according to the invention in said basin and the step of connecting the other electrode with said electric generator corresponds to a connection of the electrode of this second geocomposite.
    [0007] According to another particularity, the method comprises an inversion of the polarity of the electrodes, by means of switching means, this polarity inversion being implemented after a determined period, to optimize the lifetime and / or the efficiency of the system.
    [0008] DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below, made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a system FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a processing system according to certain embodiments of the invention, FIG. 3 represents a view of the present invention. FIG. section of a treatment system, placed in the ground, according to some embodiments of the invention, - Figures 4A and 4B show sectional views of part of a treatment system placed in the ground according to various embodiments of the invention; FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show perspective views of part of a processing geocomposite according to various embodiments of the invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method according to some embodiments of the invention.
    [0009] DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system, a geocomposite and a method of treating soils (S), in particular sludge or tailings as detailed in the preamble. These sludge or residues (S) are generally poured into a basin (B) surrounded by dikes (D) and provided with evacuation means such as discharge pipes (3) and at least one evacuation device (20). .
    [0010] SYSTEM The soil treatment system, which is particularly advantageous for the depollution of soils or the drying of sludge or tailings by electrokinetic phenomena, comprises, on the one hand, at least one electric generator (10) and at least two electrodes (11, 12) and other AFITEX / 11 / FR parts, at least one evacuation device (20). This evacuation device (20) makes it possible to evacuate the fluids (F), generally liquids, referred to herein as "water", which is in fact used whether or not the water is still loaded with organic or inorganic matter or other (it is often a "diluted sludge"). This evacuation device (20) may comprise, for example, a pump, for example as shown in FIG. 1, but it may simply comprise an outlet, such as, for example, ducts formed in the basin for collecting the water flowing out. in a gravitational way. This evacuation device may also comprise any combination of active and passive evacuations, as for example shown in FIG. 2. Of course, the evacuation of water (F) will generally be done with the aid of hoses. discharge (3) arranged in the basin (B) and connected to the discharge device (20). The system according to the invention preferably comprises at least one geocomposite (2) which integrates at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) and which comprises at least one filtering layer (21) and / or at least one a drainage sheet (22). In addition, at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) comprises carbon. Thus, this system, thanks to the geocomposite which integrates at least one electrode, makes it possible to apply the voltage / the current directly in the soil to be dried and provides an effective media for the drainage of the water (F) thanks to the one or more layers ( s), and preferably to geocomposite-integrated mini-drains in some embodiments. The term "tablecloth" is used here to refer generally to any type of geosynthetic, whether geotextile or not, especially those conventionally used in soil drying applications. In addition, this is at least one geocomposite and one skilled in the art will appreciate that geocomposite webs or several geocomposites of varying sizes, such as, for example, can be seen by comparing FIGS. 1 and 2. , this term does not imply any limitation on the shapes and dimensions, except that it allows to cover important surfaces like AFITEX / 11 / FR those of the basins of residue. Likewise, this refers to at least two electrodes (11, 12) and in particular at least one cathode and at least one anode. However, as the industrial applications of the invention generally relate to large areas, it will generally be preferred to multiply the number of electrodes. On the other hand, the invention preferably uses a geocomposite whose plies are made of textile, which offers good flexibility thanks to the fact that it is composed of fiber and / or yarn. This textile forms the support of the conductive elements forming the electrodes in the system. In addition, in certain preferred embodiments, this fabric also forms the support for mini-drains that improve drainage. This type of textile geocomposite makes it possible to provide large dimensions (large two-dimensional extent), particularly thanks to facilitated manufacture, for example by needling as described in patent applications WO 2006/030076, WO2011015736 or WO2012 / 080659. In addition to manufacturing and handling facilities, flexibility offers the possibility of delivering geocomposite roll-outs on site. Finally, the textile provides a filtration function (separating the solid from the liquid) in addition to the drainage function. The invention also has the advantage of providing a particularly efficient, viable and reliable support for electrokinetic phenomena by using at least one electrode comprising carbon. Indeed, carbon has never been used to apply an electric field in this type of application. However, the inventors of the present invention have found that it is sufficiently efficient to conduct the electricity required for electrokinetic phenomena and that it provides the additional advantage of being particularly resistant to corrosion. Thus, even if it drives less electricity than a metal, it allows to fulfill its role of conductor, but it allows above all to obtain volumes of discharged water much higher than those obtained with metals since it offers better durability and reliability over time. In addition, the term "with carbon" is used here to emphasize that AFITEX / 11 / FR the electrode can of course be carbon but that it can also contain other materials and that it is the presence of carbon which is generally sufficient. Nevertheless, a carbon electrode will preferably be chosen to fully fulfill the functions described herein. Thus, in the present description, the term "carbon" means that the electrode comprises carbon (whether it is completely carbon or not). In certain embodiments, particularly with regard to the electrodes integrated in the geocomposite, said carbon of said electrodes (11, 12) is in the form of carbon fibers. The composition of these fibers makes them particularly resistant to corrosion and sufficiently conductive for use in the present invention. These carbon fibers have the advantage of being easily manipulated, especially over long lengths, which makes their integration with geocomposite easier. In addition, these fibers can be delivered in the form of son of varying diameters and lengths, facilitating their integration into the geocomposite. Thus, in certain embodiments, the carbon fibers are sewn or needled on at least one ply (21, 22) of the geocomposite (2). In some embodiments, the fibers are simply interposed between two plies of the geocomposite and the assembly of the plies, for example by needling as detailed in the present application, allows the immobilization of the carbon fibers in the geocomposite. On the other hand, it is in the portion that is in contact with sludge or residues that carbon is important. Thus, according to various embodiments, the electrode (s) at least part of which comprises carbon is (or are) connected to at least one metal part to improve the current distribution of the generator ( 10) over long distances. Indeed, it will generally be preferred to conduct the current by metal over the great distances covered by known treatment basins (B) and take advantage of the carbon for the distribution of the ground current to be treated. On the other hand, since the metal is very easily corroded in such basins, it will preferably be isolated all the way to the carbon parts. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, it will generally be preferred that said metal parts and their connections to the carbon parts are provided with corrosion protection means (13). A protective case (against short circuits, but also against corrosion) can be used. Thus, in certain embodiments, the protection means (13) against corrosion comprise watertight isolation means. Nevertheless, such protection means (13) may simply reside in the fact that the metal distribution network and / or connections is (or are) outside the sludge or residues. Any device emerging from the sludge would therefore form such means of protection (13). However, in order for the carbon to be reserved for the parts actually in contact with the sludge, impervious protective devices will be preferred, in particular such as those illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. As mentioned in the preamble of the present application for the example of the Clay soils, the water moves from the anode to the cathode under the effect of a continuous electric field. This advantage is therefore obtained by arranging at least one of the electrodes in or on the geocomposite so that the water thus displaced is more easily drained and evacuated. It is therefore generally preferred that at least the cathode is integrated into the geocomposite ("integrated in" meaning integrated here or on the inside) since it attracts water. On the other hand, the anode is the electrode that corrodes rapidly due to acidification and electrolysis. It is therefore generally preferred that at least the anode comprises carbon. Thus, in certain embodiments, as for example shown in FIG. 1, the system may comprise at least one electrode (12), preferably the cathode, integrated in the geocomposite (2) connected to the evacuation device (20) and at least one electrode (11), preferably the anode, disposed outside the geocomposite, for example on a boat, such as a floating barge for example. The anode (11) can then be moved rapidly, in particular to overcome the problem of the drying of the anode zone and it can be easily changed for AFITEX / 11 / FR to overcome the problem of corrosion. In addition, the anode preferably comprises carbon to optimize its life, while the cathode can in this case be metallic (without carbon). Those skilled in the art will understand that the reverse configuration remains within the scope of the invention because the carbon anode would find its full usefulness being integrated with the geocomposite (not being easily exchangeable, it is advantageous that it resists well to corrosion). However, this reverse configuration is not preferred because a cathode outside the geocomposite should be associated with a specific evacuation device (20) (possibly additional to that connected to the geocomposite) and would be inefficient, especially on a boat. In addition, the drying of the anodic zone would not be fought and the draining properties of the geocomposite would not be exploited as well as in the case where the latter integrates the cathode. Finally, the really preferred configurations, in general, will be those where it is the two electrodes (11, 12) which comprise at least a portion of carbon. Indeed, in these configurations, the two electrodes can alternately act as cathode and anode and can take advantage of each of the two configurations detailed above. In addition, with two carbon electrodes (11, 12), it is possible to take full advantage of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, for example of the type shown in FIG. 2. These preferred embodiments are based on the fact that the two electrodes are integrated with the (x) geocomposite (s). Thus, the two electrodes are disposed in contact with the sludge. It is then preferred that these two electrodes are made of carbon to take full advantage of it because the polarity of the electrodes can be reversed, for example by switching means (14), for example provided in the generator (10). or in addition to the latter. By reversing the polarity, the dewatering of the anode zone is limited and the corrosion is reduced by distributing it more evenly over the two electrodes alternately. This use of these preferred embodiments is detailed in this application with reference to the consolidation method. AFITEX / 11 / FR In some of these preferred embodiments, the two electrodes (11, 12) have at least one portion embedded in or on separate geocomposite (2) strips spaced apart from one another at within the soil to be treated. Two strips arranged at a determined distance (depending on the nature of the ground and the intensity or voltage to be applied, the conductivity, etc.) will each be connected to a pole of the generator so that they play the anode couple -cathode and dry the soil between their surfaces. In these embodiments, the installation is facilitated and it is possible to multiply the pairs of geocomposites to improve the conduction of electricity throughout the site (especially with more conductive materials than carbon, as mentioned above). GEOCOMPOSITE The present invention therefore also relates to a geocomposite (2) for the treatment of soil, especially for use in a system according to the invention. This geocomposite integrates at least a portion of at least one of the electrodes (11, 12) of the system and it comprises at least one filtering layer (21) and / or at least one draining layer (22). Since at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) of the system must comprise carbon, it is generally preferred that it be the electrode integrated with the geocomposite. In some preferred embodiments (which is preferred for the geocomposite also being generally for the system and method), perforated mini-drains (23) are integrated in said geocomposite (2). These mini-drains facilitate the evacuation of water, whether by a passive device (e.g., outlet) or an active device (e.g., pumping) as detailed above. Indeed, it is easy to connect these mini-drains (23) to evacuation pipes (3), as for example shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the water then easily leaves the basin with such geocomposites particularly efficient and optimized by electrokinetic AFITEX / 11 / FR phenomena. Since the electrodes are preferentially arranged within the sludge to improve drying, it is preferred to dispose them as close as possible to the water discharge means (pipes connected to the evacuation device) and it is therefore preferable to dispose them nearby. mini-drains (23). Thus, in some embodiments the electrodes (11, 12) are arranged substantially parallel to the mini-drains (23), as for example shown in Figures 5A and 5C. In the illustrative and nonlimiting example of FIG. 5A, the electrodes are disposed between two plies of the geocomposite, parallel to the mini-drains (23). The attachment of the electrodes (11, 12), which is not essential according to the case, may be performed by sewing or needling or simply by assembling the geocomposite sheets or any suitable means, as discussed above with reference to the fibers of carbon. In the illustrative and nonlimiting example of FIG. 5C, the electrodes are arranged along the mini-drains (23). In this example, a fixing may be provided for example on the portion of the plies which are intended to surround the mini-drains (23). In the illustrative and nonlimiting example of FIG. 5B, the electrodes (11, 12) are wound around the mini-drains (23) of the geocomposite (2). In this example, the fixing is even less necessary, especially in the case of annealing on mini-drains, as explained below. In the various possible embodiments of the invention, provision will generally be made for an output of the electrodes through or on the edges of the geocomposite, for connection with the generator, directly or via other conductive wires and possibly via the protection means. (13) as already explained here.
    [0011] Said mini-drains (23) are preferably parallel to each other. In a nonlimiting manner, the mini-drains (23) can be distributed so that they are spaced from a distance ranging from 0.2 to 4 meters in width of the geocomposite (2), preferably between 0, 5 and 2 meters, ideally of the order of one meter.
    [0012] In some embodiments, the mini-drains (23) are perforated. In some of these embodiments, they have AFITEX / 11 / FR perforations which, instead of being round, are oval or oblong to limit resistance to fluid entry and thus limit clogging of the perforations. In an illustrative and nonlimiting manner, these perforations may have a size of about 0.5 millimeters to 2 millimeters, preferably from 0.7 to 1.5 mm, ideally of the order of one millimeter. In addition, in some embodiments, the mini-drains are annealed to provide better stress resistance, allowing them to be buried under a considerable amount of soil (S). The mini-drains (23) aim to capture the fluid (F) for evacuation. They are in general, illustratively and not limiting, resistant to stresses up to 750 kPa which corresponds to about 50 m of soil height (S) on average above the mini-drain. The mini-drains (23) are resistant to compression which allows the fluids to always be evacuated even when the geocomposite (2) is buried. According to various embodiments, in a nonlimiting manner, in order to have an optimization of the flow of the fluid, the mini-drains (23) may have diameters of between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 25 mm, ideally of the order of 25 mm. The diameters will naturally be adapted according to the soil to be treated. Nevertheless, the diameter of the mini-drains must not exceed a certain value for a given composition and arrangement of the mini-drains, so that they resist the stress as mentioned above. As mentioned above, the geocomposite preferably comprises textile webs, such as those described in patent applications WO 2006/030076, WO2011015736 or WO2012 / 080659. Since the filtering function is advantageous in the system, at least one filtering sheet (21) is preferably provided. It is possible to provide only draining plies (22), but this solution is not preferred because draining plies tend to withstand direct contact with sludge. Thus, it will generally be preferred to isolate a possible draining layer (22) of the sludge by covering it with a filtering layer (21). The filter webs (21) are then intended to protect the AFITEX / 11 / FR draining sheet (22) clogging with fine particles. Such plies therefore have a porometry adapted to this function, as well as the draining ply to a porometry adapted to its function. It is possible to use a filtering web and a drainage sheet only, but it is preferred to use (at least) two filter layers, for example as shown in an illustrative and nonlimiting manner in FIG. 3, where two filter layers are arranged on each side and other electrodes and mini-drains. It is also possible to provide a draining layer inside, as for example shown in Figure 4A, or two draining plies inside as shown for example in Figure 4B. The use of at least one draining sheet will be considered according to the particular applications of the present invention, in particular the nature of the ground, sludge, etc. but we will usually avoid their use for reasons of additional cost and less easy handling.
    [0013] On the other hand, it is possible to choose different filter openings between the two layers (upper and lower) to facilitate the evacuation of water (F) according to the electrokinetic phenomena, the nature of the soil to be filtered and boundary conditions. Note that we speak here of "tablecloth" which is a classic term for a geotextile, generally corresponding to an entanglement of needled threads which may also be designated by the term "felt", but it is possible to use other types of coatings, preferably geotextiles, such as, for example, woven or non-woven fabrics, knitted or not, etc. This term "tablecloth" conventionally designating a type of textile must therefore be interpreted in a less limited manner in the present application because it is expected to use other types of coating that the geotextile webs, although the latter are particularly suitable for the present invention. In fact, the entanglements of needled threads generally provide permeabilities that are particularly suitable for the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of consolidating soils. This method preferably comprises at least the following steps (each step may comprise several steps and / or be implemented at one time or be implemented by complementary successive actions): - laying (51) of at least one geocomposite (2) according to claim 14 in said basin (B); - connection (54) of the geocomposite (2) with the evacuation device (20); - connecting (55) said at least one electrode (11, 12) of the geocomposite (2) with said electric generator (10); - dumping (56) of sludge or residues on the geocomposite (2); - connection (55) of the other electrode (12, 11) with said electric generator (10). The connection (54) may comprise a laying (541) of discharge pipes (3), especially if they are not provided in the basin (B).
    [0014] This connection (54) may also include a connection of the minidrains with the discharge pipes (3), when the geocomposite comprises these mini-drains (23). This connection (54) may also include a connection of the discharge pipes (3) to the discharge device (20) or simply a connection of the geocomposite (s) (2) to the discharge device (for example by any appropriate device to connect the geotextile (web) with the evacuation). The connection (55) to the generator (10) includes a connection (551) of the electrodes (11, 12) to the generator (at least one electrode at a time, i.e., one polarity at a time). In some embodiments, this connection, in particular for the second electrode which is integrated in a geocomposite, first requires a laying (51) of a second geocomposite (2) according to the invention in said basin (B). The connection (55) AFITEX / 11 / FR of the "other electrode" (12, 11) with said electrical generator (10) corresponds to a connection of "the electrode of this second geocomposite (2)". These connection steps (55) to the generator (10) may also include a connection (552) in the protection device (13) for contacting the carbon portion with the metal portion. These connections (55) to the generator (10) may also include a connection (553) to the switching means (14), when these are provided. In this case, the method may comprise a polarity inversion (57), preferably after a predetermined duration as a function of the drying speed of the anode zone and / or depending on the lysis of the anode, optimize the efficiency and / or life of the system. Indeed, by reversing the polarity at a suitable time, it avoids drying too much anodic zone and we get to rehydrate, which helps fight against the increase in resistivity of said anode zone. In addition, the corrosion of the anode is limited. The method may therefore comprise a succession of polarity reversals, determined to optimize the drying of the sludge or residues. On the other hand, it is known that the mechanical stress exerted on the sludge or residues causes an expulsion of the interstitial fluid. In some embodiments, the system will pressurize the fluid by adding at least one new sludge layer, generating stresses on the underlying layers, thereby allowing the fluid to drain and accompany the consolidation of the massif in the basin. Thus, the process, by the repeated implementation of at least some of its stages, as illustrated by the dashed lines in FIG. 6, makes it possible to add successive layers of sludge or residues over the geocomposites and thus obtain a sufficient stress on the lower floors to optimize drainage. The preamble of the present application also explains the phenomena (see the drainage horizons) that promote evacuation during such an increase in stress, especially when geocomposites are placed in the basin (B). AFITEX / 11 / EN The present application describes various technical features and advantages with reference to the figures and / or various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical features of a given embodiment may in fact be combined with features of another embodiment unless the reverse is explicitly mentioned or it is evident that these characteristics are incompatible or that the combination does not provide a solution to at least one of the technical problems mentioned in this application. In addition, the technical features described in a given embodiment can be isolated from the other features of this mode unless the opposite is explicitly mentioned. It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified within the scope defined by the scope of the appended claims, and the invention should not be limited to the details given above. AFITEX / 11 / EN
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Floor treatment system comprising, on the one hand, at least one electric generator (10) and at least two electrodes (11, 12) and, on the other hand, at least one evacuation device (20), characterized in that that: - the system comprises at least one geocomposite (2) which integrates at least a part of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) and which comprises at least one filtering layer (21) and / or at least one tablecloth draining (22), - at least a portion of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) comprises carbon.
    [0002]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a portion of the two electrodes (11, 12) comprises carbon.
    [0003]
    3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that only one of the two electrodes (11, 12) has at least one part comprising carbon while the other is metallic.
    [0004]
    4. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that perforated mini-drains (23) are integrated in said geocomposite (2).
    [0005]
    5. System according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrodes (11, 12) are arranged substantially parallel to the mini-drains.
    [0006]
    6. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrodes (11, 12) are wound around the mini-drains (23) of the geocomposite (2). 25
    [0007]
    7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said carbon of said electrodes (11, 12) is in the form of carbon fibers. AFITEXJ11 / EN
    [0008]
    8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the carbon fibers are sewn on at least one ply (21, 22) of the geocomposite (2).
    [0009]
    9. System according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two electrodes (11, 12) have at least one part integrated in or on separate geocomposite strips (2) arranged at a distance from one another within the soil to be treated.
    [0010]
    10. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises switching means (14) for reversing the polarity of the electrodes (11, 12).
    [0011]
    11. System according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said electrodes (11,
    [0012]
    12) at least a portion of which comprises carbon are connected to at least one metal portion to improve the current distribution of the generator (10) over long distances. The system of claim 11, characterized in that said metal parts and their connections to the carbon parts are provided with corrosion protection means (13).
    [0013]
    13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the means of protection (13) against corrosion comprise means 20 insulation waterproof water.
    [0014]
    14. Geocomposite (2) soil treatment, characterized in that it is-arranged for use in a system according to one of claims 1 to 13, at least in that it incorporates at least a portion of at least one of the electrodes (11, 12) of the system and that it comprises at least one filtering web (21) and / or at least one draining layer (22), at least a part of at least one of said electrodes (11, 12) having carbon.
    [0015]
    15. A method of consolidating soils, in particular sludge or residues, by the use of a system according to one of claims 1 to 13, in a consolidation basin (B), the method being characterized in that 30 comprises: AFITEX / 11 / FRpose (51) at least one geocomposite (2) according to claim 14 in said basin (B); connecting (54) the geocomposite (2) with the evacuation device (20); connecting (55) said at least one electrode (11, 12) of the geocomposite (2) with said electrical generator (10); spilling (56) of sludge or residues on the geocomposite (2); connecting (55) the other electrode (12, 11) with said electric generator (10).
    [0016]
    16. The method of claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a laying (51) of a second geocomposite (2) according to claim 14 in said basin (B) and in that the connection (55) of the another electrode (12, 11) with said electric generator (10) corresponds to a connection of the electrode of this second geocomposite (2).
    [0017]
    17. The method of claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a reversal (57) polarity of the electrodes (11, 12), by means (14) switching, this polarity reversal being implemented after period, to optimize the service life and / or efficiency of the system. AFITEX / 11 / EN
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2019203224A1|2019-06-06|
    EP3079840A2|2016-10-19|
    FR3014337B1|2015-12-18|
    AU2014363584A1|2016-06-23|
    WO2015086628A4|2015-09-17|
    US20160311003A1|2016-10-27|
    AU2019203224B2|2020-12-17|
    WO2015086628A3|2015-08-06|
    CA2930771C|2021-10-26|
    WO2015086628A2|2015-06-18|
    EP3079840B1|2020-07-22|
    CA2930771A1|2015-06-18|
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-12-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1362297A|FR3014337B1|2013-12-09|2013-12-09|SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEM, GEOCOMPOSITE FOR SUCH A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SOIL CONSOLIDATION|FR1362297A| FR3014337B1|2013-12-09|2013-12-09|SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEM, GEOCOMPOSITE FOR SUCH A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SOIL CONSOLIDATION|
    PCT/EP2014/077094| WO2015086628A2|2013-12-09|2014-12-09|Soil-treatment system, geocomposite for such a system, and soil consolidation method|
    CA2930771A| CA2930771C|2013-12-09|2014-12-09|Soil-treatment system, geocomposite for such a system, and soil consolidation method|
    AU2014363584A| AU2014363584A1|2013-12-09|2014-12-09|Soil-treatment system, geocomposite for such a system, and soil consolidation method|
    US15/102,745| US20160311003A1|2013-12-09|2014-12-09|Soil-treatment system, geocomposite for such a system, and soil consolidation method|
    EP14828451.6A| EP3079840B1|2013-12-09|2014-12-09|Geocomposite for soil-treatment, soil treatment system and soil consolidation method using such a geocomposite.|
    AU2019203224A| AU2019203224B2|2013-12-09|2019-05-08|Soil-treatment system, geocomposite for such a system, and soil consolidation method|
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